Chris John - Best Featherweight Boxer (WBA)

Chris John - Best Featherweight Boxer 

Chris John

Yohannes Christian John, better known as Chris John (born in Banjarnegara, 14 September 1979, age 32 years) is a boxer Indonesia. He is listed as the third Indonesian boxer who won the world title, after Ellyas Pical and Nico Thomas.

Childhood

Chris John is the second son of four children of the couple Johan Tjahjadi (aka Tjia Foek Shem) and Mary Warsini. Chris's father John, Johan Tjahjadi a former amateur boxer, coach Chris John and his brother Adrian since their early age, around age 5 years. Having competed in several amateur championships in Banjarnegara, Chris John was recruited by famous boxing trainer, Sutan Rambing, in Semarang.

Early Career

Chris John and then plunge into the world of professional boxing in 1998 in his debut against the Word Kanda. It was Chris John won the match 6 numbers in the round. His name then sped like a meteor when he succeeded boxing idol at that time, Muhammad Alfaridzi, in a thrilling match over 12 rounds. Chris John was hit twice knockdown in round one, but he managed to reverse the situation by hitting Alfaridzi knockout round of the 12th, at the same time national champion featherweight. According to Chris John, conditions are very bad at the time, and he was bleeding at the nose because his nose broken bones.

After several times to compete in the national title race, Chris managed to beat compatriot John Salah Sundava in 2001 for PABA featherweight title.

World Championship

He holds the WBA featherweight champion

Golden opportunity for Indonesia Chris John and the nation came when Chris John had the opportunity to challenge Oscar Leon of Colombia on 26 September 2003 in Bali. Chris John won a number of thin (split decision) in a 12-round match, and otherwise entitled to the WBA world title while (interim title).

Soon, the WBA "grant" definitive title (no longer interim title) to Chris John, when the defending champion Derrick Gainer of the United States lost points from Juan Manuel Marquez (Mexico, IBF champion). At that time, according to regulatory agency WBA boxing, Marquez expressed as a champion super (super champion) because it managed to unite the two WBA WBA and IBF titles, and Chris John as a regular champion.

Winning against Osamu Sato in Tokyo, Japan

Nevertheless, the definitive WBA title only underestimated by the Indonesian press, and Chris John is considered as a champion on paper alone. But all the stigma was removed when the mighty Chris John beat his opponent Osamu Sato (Japan) in Ariake Colliseum, Tokyo, Japan, on June 4, 2004. Chris John won the absolute number of opponents who are supported by the host fans. With the victory, but gained recognition in Indonesia, Chris John also became very popular in Japan. On descending from the plane, the pilots and crew of a Garuda Indonesia military-style salute to Chris John and the team.

Series against Jose Rojas cheo the first

On December 3, 2004, Chris John successfully defended his title against southpaw boxer Jose cheo Rojas (Venezuela) in Tenggarong, Kukar through bloody battles due to clash of heads in round four. The fight was stopped by the referee and declared a tie or a technical draw.

Unfortunately, after this match, Chris John was forced to cancel the contract with the coach Sutan Rambing because of disagreement over the division problem results. Furthermore, Chris John was trained by Craig Christian from Harry's Gym, Perth Australia. Months of dispute Chris John and Sutan Rambing ongoing and increasingly heated and had time to go to court, but ultimately this issue can be resolved amicably.

Win against Derrick Gainer

22 April 2005, Chris John is obliged to serve the former WBA featherweight champion Derrick Gainer of the United States, which is very ambitious to seize back the lost title. In the middle of the boxing public pessimism in the ground water because this is the debut of Chris John once handled the team's new coach, Chris John manages to look incredible, and succeeded in defeating the former champion via a 12-round victory absolute numbers, although Chris John had fallen (knockdown) in Gainer round 1 due to rapid punches.

Win against Tommy Browne in Australia

August 7, 2005, Chris John 10 round TKO win against Tommy Browne in Penrith, Australia. Who led the match referee suggested Browne stronghold to surrender, because he saw the game was not balanced. Browne's camp received the referee's suggestions, and Chris John declared victorious TKO round 10.

Won against Juan Manuel Marquez

After an easy victory in Australia, this time Chris John should play against the former king of the WBA and IBF featherweight who was greatly feared because of the sharpness of the blow, which Juan Manuel Marquez of Mexico.

Through tough negotiations, which ultimately Marquez is one of the best boxers of Mexico (and the world) at the time, willing to wait on Chris John in Indonesia. Promoter Muhammad Arsyad bringing the right match Chris John vs JM Marquez to Tenggarong, East Kalimantan.

In a match that is very interesting and full of fighting techniques and high-level skills, Chris John finally able to subdue the boxer from Mexico is known for his hard blow by the victory of absolute numbers. One two punch of Chris John managed to land faster than ambush predatory Marquez. Ahead of the match against Marquez, Chris John proclaimed his new nickname as "The Dragon" aka "The Dragon" replacing the old nickname "The Indonesian Thin Man", because as a young man of Chinese descent, Chris John has always believed that the beast dragon brings good fortune in life.

Victory over Marquez rated as the biggest victory of the Dragon. Not only because of the power punches that Marquez is very famous, but also achievements Marquez who was touted as the No. boxer. 1 in the featherweight. In fact, after losing to Chris John, Marquez grade and became a champion at junior lightweight.

Win against Renan Acosta

On 9 September 2006, Chris John is dealing with a relatively mild opponent, Renan Acosta of Panama, in GOR Soemantri Brodjonegoro, Brass, Jakarta. Chris John won almost every round, but he failed to hit KO the opponent, so he was declared victorious with the judge's assessment of absolute numbers almost the entire round was won by Chris John.

Winning against Jose Rojas cheo the second

On March 3, 2007 the Dragon successfully completed her curiosity on the only opponent who managed to hold the series, namely Jose Rojas cheo. In an exciting match, Chris John managed to win the absolute number of Rojas in Indoor Tennis Stadium, Jakarta. Had been confusion regarding the late payment fees from promoters, but all problems can be solved with a good end.

Win against Zaiki Takemoto in Kobe, Japan

Dated August 19, 2007 Chris John defending his title back. Compete at the Kobe Fashion Mart, Rokko Island, Kobe, Japan Chris John did not find any difficulty to defeat the challenger, Takemoto Zaiki by TKO in the tenth round, having previously Takemoto knockdown hit twice, in rounds 6 and 8. Kubu Takemoto Takemoto already counting that will not be able to beat Chris John, Takemoto finally decided to give up in the interval of rest before round 10 starts. Zaiki Takemoto is ranked eighth challenger WBA featherweight, which is the fighter of Korean descent born in Kobe. No less than 300 supporters of Indonesia, which consists of students and employees in Japan, including Menpora Adhyaksa Dault present in the arena to give moral support to Chris John.

Successfully defended the title for the eighth time and this time abroad, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono invited Chris John to the State Palace with four badminton player who won the world championships in Malaysia in about the same time. On that occasion, President Yudhoyono gave the military salute to Chris John as high personal appreciation for his success to retain the title. The president also expressed pride in the achievements of Chris John.

Win against Roinet Caballero in Jakarta, Indonesia

January 26, 2008: The match shall be ranked against one Roinet Caballero of Panama. The game takes place in Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Zaenal Thayeb matches promoted by the management team in collaboration with Chris John, and broadcast live by RCTI is relayed directly by TV4 Panama. The match was won by Chris John with a TKO in the seventh round. With this victory, Chris John has defended his title 9 times, and 4 of them are mandatory fight.

Winning against Hiroyuki Enoki

After some time off defend his title against Jackson Asiku of Uganda in Australia and Indonesia as well as Michael Lozada of Mexico, Chris John retained his match finally the tenth time in Tokyo, Japan, against a boxer born in Akita, northern Japan, Hiroyuki Enoki, October 24, 2008.

Chris John for the 10 time world champion successfully defended his WBA featherweight version. Against Hiroyuki Enoki in Korakuen Hall, Tokyo, Japan, Friday (24/10), Indonesia's pride boxer winning on points after a bloody fight over 12 rounds. Chris John performing with courage, wait on the fight the distance meetings and exchanged blows. As a result of this match, Chris John suffered injuries under the left eye and above the right eye, so it had to undergo minor surgery in the MMC Hospital, Jakarta, and get about 70 stitches. Enoki themselves have swollen left eye since round 4, and practically his left eye closed by the swelling. According to Chris John, Enoki is Japan's most powerful fighter he ever faced, and can be compared to Juan Manuel Marquez, the toughest opponent ever faced before Chris John.

The series against Ricardo Rocky Juarez

In a match on February 28, 2009 in Houston, Texas, United States to defend his title against the host boxer Ricardo Rocky Juarez Chris John won the series after the third jury alike deliver 114-114. In the midst of pressure support boxer host, Chris John was able to perform well, even though the series ended, according to the rules of professional boxing, Chris John to defend his title despite a draw.

Winning against Ricardo Rocky Juarez

Because he felt cheated on the results of the first game series in Houston, Texas, from Juarez, CJ stronghold ask rematch was held in Los Angeles, California. The promoter finally willing to move the fight back to California, scheduled for June 27, 2009. This game was then postponed, because the 7-h days ahead of the day, Chris John is attacked by hypoxemia.

On September 19, 2009, rematch Chris John vs. Rocky Juarez finally held at the MGM Grand, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Chris John succeeded in winning the victory of absolute numbers.

Win Against Fernando David Saucedo

After the match was delayed until late July due to a shoulder injury suffered during training Chris John. [2] On Sunday, December 5, 2010 held a match at the Tennis Indoor Senayan, Jakarta, Indonesia. Before the match, Chris John says his ambition to conquer the opponent before the round of 10. After passing through 12 rounds, Chris John declared absolute victory, 119-109, 119-109, and 120-108.

Winning against Daud Cino Jordan

Chris John succeeded in answering doubts his fans that he has decreased stamina, with a talented young boxer beat Indonesia, Daud Cino origin Kayong Jordan, West Kalimantan in the match at Jakarta International Expo, 17 April 2011. Chris John succeeded in dominating and winning the absolute numbers of David. This game is a time to-14 Chris John retained his WBA featherweight champion who earned since 2003.

Family

Chris John is married to Anna Maria Megawati, a former wushu athlete, in 2005, and has been blessed with two daughters named Mary and Maria Rosa Luna Ferisha Christiani.

In addition to boxing athletes, Chris John also briefly known as the national wushu athletes. Chris's success in the boxing world, bringing it to the professional side, including commercials for various products and boxing commentator on television.

Career outside of the ring

As an advertising star

* Extra Joss - (energy drink) - TV and non TV (the contract is completed)

* Kuku Bima Ener-G - (energy drink) - TV and non TV

* Ad Campaign against HIV - TV

* Fire Power - an additive for vehicles (Australian company) - non-TV

Other

* In addition to the boxer, Chris John is an outstanding wushu athletes, among them the gold medal 52 kg class in the Jakarta SEA Games 1997, as well as the same class bronze medal at the SEA Games in Kuala Lumpur 2001.

* As a motivator for employees and agents of Prudential Insurance

* In collaboration with designer Samuel Wattimena constantly providing daily wear for Chris John.

* Work with motivation expert Andrie Wongso

* As a speaker at several seminars and talk shows on television and radio

Sepp Blatter - Fifa President

Sepp Blatter - Fifa President 

Joseph "Sepp" Blatter (born in Visp, Valais, Switzerland, March 10, 1936, age 75 years) is the eighth FIFA President. He was sworn in on June 8, 1998, replacing João Havelange (Brazil).

 

Graduates of the University of Lausanne in the field of Administration and Economics (Faculty of Law), Blatter had worked at the Tourism Authority of Valais, the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation, and Longines SA. He began working at FIFA in 1975, as Technical Director (1975-81), Secretary-General (1981-98), and then President (since 1998). He was re-elected as president in 2002 (defeating Issa Hayatou) and again in 2007.

Between the policies that made the president of FIFA is the introduction of the silver goal system to replace the golden goal (since Euro 2004; system is then terminated along with the golden goal that all matches are now played a full extra round); omission of an automated, qualifying for the FIFA World Cup champion last after Cup 2002 FIFA World; various changes related to moral standards, for example giving yellow cards for players who take her clothes off after celebrating a goal of printing.

Blatter able to speak German, French, English, Spanish, and Italian.

FIFA

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) or International Federation of Football is the governing body of international soccer. FIFA headquarters in Zurich, Switzerland.

FIFA was founded in Paris on May 21, 1904 and celebrated its 100 in 2004. In April 2004, FIFA announced that they expect to reap a profit of $ 144 million from $ 1.64 billion in revenue between 2003 and 2006.

Map the distribution of FIFA member confederation.

FIFA also promotes soccer, arrange the transfer of players between teams, giving the title of FIFA World Player and FIFA World Ranking list published each month.

Soccer rules set by IFAB (International Football Association Board), consisting of four representatives from FIFA and one representative each from the Football Association, Scottish Football Association, Football Association of Wales, and Northern Ireland Football Association.

Association

The agency works in conjunction with the regional associations that monitor the development of football in various parts of the world. The six FIFA confederation that form (and the areas under their control) are:

* AFC - (Asia)

* CAF - (Africa)

* CONMEBOL - (South America)

* CONCACAF - (North, Central and Caribbean)

* OFC - (Oceania)

* UEFA - (Europe)

National disciplinary associations

FIFA often take an active role in running and developing sports game around the world. One of the sanctions is to suspend teams and related members of the international competition when the government intervened in the running of FIFA member association or organization if the football association can not function properly.

A 2007 FIFA decision that a player can be registered with a maximum of three clubs, and appeared in an official match for a maximum of two, in one year is measured from July 1 to June 30 has sparked controversy, especially in countries that cross season that date obstructions, such as in the case of two former Irish international. As a direct result of this controversy, FIFA modified this decision the following year to accommodate transfers between the league with the phase out of season.

Tournament

Implement FIFA football championships such as:

* Tournament men between countries

o World Cup

o The Confederations Cup

o Branch of football sports on the Olympic men

o U-20 World Cup

o U-17 World Cup

* Tournament women's inter-state

o Women's World Cup

o Branch of sports in the Olympic women's soccer

o Women's World Cup U-20

o Women's World Cup U-17

* Tournament men between clubs

o Club World Cup

* Inter-club tournament woman

o Women's Club World Cup

* Male futsal tournament among nations

o Futsal World Cup

Futsal Confederation Cup o Al-Fateh

o Intercontinental Futsal Cup

* Male beach soccer tournament between countries

o Beach Soccer World Cup

o Tour Pro Beach Soccer

o Coastal Cup Football

Higuain - Gonzalo Gerardo Higuain - Real Madrid Star Player

Higuain - Gonzalo Gerardo Higuain - Real Madrid Star Player 

Gonzalo Gerardo Higuain was born on December 10, 1987 in Brest, Finistere, France. Although born in France, Argentine Higuain has the blood of his father who was also a former football player at Brest, which is Jorge "El Pipa" Higuain.

Although not fluent in French, Higuain holds a French passport because his father had been naturalized country. In January 2007, Higuain get Argentina citizenship. Higuain has a younger brother who is also a football player, Federico Higuain, currently playing at Independiente (Argentina).

Higuain began his career at the club board over Argentina, River Plate. Since scoring two goals in the derby between Boca Juniors River Plate face on October 8, 2006, current coach of River Plate's Daniel Passarella, said that Higuain has a very promising future and will be a future star of Argentina.

Higuain move to Real Madrid with a tag of 13 million pounds. His debut with Los Galacticos was on January 14, 2007 during a 1-0 win over Real Zaragoza.

Higuain scored four goals (quattrick) for Real Madrid during a 4-3 win over Malaga on 8 November 2008. Players who are known to have dribel, speed, and finishing an impressive it plays as a striker but can also be as an attacking midfielder, second striker or attacking wing.

Argentine Tango with the team, Higuain made ​​his debut in the senior team won 5-0 in a game during the trial to face Guatemala. In a match that was not recognized as a FIFA match class "A" is, Higuain scored two goals.

 

Full Name: Gonzalo Gerardo Higuain

Place of Birth: Brest, France

Date of Birth: December 10, 1987

Nationality: Argentina

Position: Striker

Playing at the Club: Real Madrid

Chess - Chess Opening - World Chess Championship

Chess - Chess Opening - World Chess Championship 

Chess

Chess is a mental game played by two people. Chess is a person who plays chess, both in game one on one and one against a lot of people (in informal circumstances). Before the match, chess player will choose the seed that he played chess. There are two colors that distinguish chess pawn or seed, namely black and white. Holders of the white pieces to start the first step, which in turn followed by black fruit holder by turns until the game is finished.

Arrangement

The game took place on the board which consists of 8 rows and 8 rows box / row are black and white (or light and dark) is Intermittent. The game begins with 16 pieces on each side, which was composed specifically lined on each side of the chess board is face to face. One can only occupy a single plot. At the leading edge of each line - there are 8 pawns, followed behind the two forts, two horses (in English called knight-warrior), two elephants (in English called the bishop-bishop), a minister or a queen or queen, as well as one king.

Movement

Before the match, chess player will choose the color of the fruit which he played. Holders of the white pieces to start the first step, which in turn followed by black fruit holder in turn. Every step may only move a pawn only (except for the castled where there are two pieces are moved). Pawn moved to vacant, or occupied by the opponent's pawn, which means catch and move the opponent's pawns of the game. There are exceptions, namely to move en passant.

Each chess piece has a unique motion as follows:

* The king can move one row in any direction. King also has a special move called the castled that also involves a fortress.

* The fort can move along the plot horizontally or vertically, but can not jump over other pieces. As has been at the top, castle castled involved in the movement.

* Elephants can move along a swath diagonally, but can not jump over other pieces.

* Queen has a combined movement of the Citadel and the Elephant.

* The horse has a similar movement letter L, which extends the two plots and a wide swath. Kudalah the only pieces that can jump over other pieces.

* Pieces can move forward (toward opponent) one plot to the plot which is not occupied. At the beginning of the movement, a pawn can move forward two plots. Also can capture the pawn pawn diagonally opposite, if the opponent's pawn is located a diagonal swath in front of him. Pion has two special gerakah, namely motion capture en passant and promotion.

Castled

Castled is a special move in chess where the King moves two plots to the Citadel in the first row, then put the fort in the last swath through the King. Castled requirements are as follows:

* Pawns King and Castle will be involved in the castled should have never moved

* There are no other pieces between the King and Castle

* The king was not in-skak, and plots through which the King is not being attacked by opponent's pawn

The following matters are misunderstandings in the castled, which should not apply:

* Pawns are involved castled fortress is under attack

* If the fort were included in the Queen's side, the plot is right next to the Citadel are not allowed in the attack

En passant

When a pawn moves forward two plots and there is a pawn of the opponent who was a plot in a row the goal, then the opponent's pawn can capture and occupy a plot which had just passed pawn (the pawn as if it moves a plot forward). However, this movement can only be done shortly after the move a pawn forward two squares, or the right opponent to make a move en passant is lost.

Promotion

When a pawn has advanced to occupy the last line, together with forward movement, the pawn promoted and should be exchanged with the pawn on the desires of the player, the Queen, Fort, Elephant, Horse, or the same color. In general, a pawn promoted to queen. There are no regulations restricting selected as promotional pieces, so it is possible to have pieces that exceed the amount of time early in the game (eg, two Queen).

Skak

When the king is being attacked by one or more opponent's pawn, a situation known as a check. Players who have to move the King King on skak so as not affected. This can be done by capturing the opponent's pawn is attacked, close the opponent's attack by placing a pawn of them (if that attack the Queen, the Citadel, or the Elephant and there is a vacant plot between the king and the pawn of the opponent), or move the king to hide and that is not being was attacked. Castled King is not permitted if on skak.

End Game

The game objective is to achieve a position of checkmate. This could happen if the King is threatened and no way to escape to another plot. Not always the game ended in defeat, because it could happen anyway, or mussels in a series of events where both parties could no longer continue the game because they can not achieve checkmate. These mussels events can occur by agreement or not. One example of mussels that are not based on an agreement - but there is the eternal state of mussels. Mussels the other state is a state could, where the shift step can not step up any fruit including the King, but not in a state endangered check. In a chess match winning side usually get a value of 1, the loser 0, 0.5 is the draw.

Chess Rating

Every chess player has a value / score called chess rating. This chess rating is a number that describes the strength of a chess player. The higher the rating, the player is likely to grow stronger. Instead of the title, rating more effectively illustrates the power of a chess player. This rating is derived from chess victories in an official match. If a chess player wins with a stronger chess player, he gets more ratings. If he loses, the rating will be reduced according to the existing formula. FIDE rating list issued by the name of the international chess ELO rating for every 2 months. PERCASI being issued National Rating List (DRN) every 6 months (each January 1 and July 1).

ELO Rating of the World still held GM Gary Kasparov (Russia) in 2841. Currently Kasparov had resigned from the world of chess. Perched on rank 1 of the current FIDE list was GM Magnus Carlsen (Norway) in 2813. Followed by GM Veselin Topalov (Bulgaria) in 2812 ranked second.

Indonesia being the highest chess ELO Ratings today is GM Utut Adianto (2548) and both GM Susanto Megaranto (2527).

Chess Opening

Opening chess is the first stage in a game of chess. There are several dozen different opening, hundreds of variety names. A series of the opening movement that is considered standard (often cataloged in reference books like the Encyclopedia of Chess Openings) is referred to as "book moves" or simply "book". The new series in the opening movement is referred to as "opening a new theoretical".

Opening chess is a strategy to gain and very decisive victory in the face of attack your opponent's defense.

The word is used when opening a new White House after the step of opening the existing name for example: 1. f4 .. (Opening Bird ...); 1. e4 e5. 2. Gc4 .. (The opening of the Elephant King), and others.

Defence said after the step is used when a new Black was given the name of the opening, for example: 1. e4 Kf6 ... (Alekhine Defense ...); 1. d4 Kf6. 2. ... c4 c5 (Benoni Defense), and others.

Gambit

1. Reply Gambit Albin. 1. d4 d5. 2. c4 e5. 3. dxe5 d4. description: Work hard to seize the initiative which often produces the opposite castled shapes

2. Benko Gambit. 1. d4 Kf6. 2. c4 c5. 3. d5 b5. 4. cxb5. description: Black victim of a pawn in order to exert pressure on the wing-minister.

3. Blackmar Diemer Gambit. 1. d4 d5 2. e4 dxe4 3. Kc3 Kf6 4. f3. description: Category sharp, somewhat risky, White played the victim for fruit development.

4. Budapest Gambit. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 e5. description: Black almost always able to regain the pawn gambitnya. But the time spent to reclaim the Black pawn it, causing the White slightly superior.

5. Danish Gambit. 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 dxc3 4. Gc4. description: Gambit dangerous, deceitful, but Black will easily compensate for as long as it returns the gambit pawn at the right time.

6. Evans Gambit. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Gc4 Gc5 4. b4. description: The opening suitable for those who love and understand tactical play opens.

7. Gambit King. 1. e4 e5 2. f4. description: The Battle sharply since the beginning of the game

8. Latvian Gambit. 1. e4 c4 2. Kf3 f5. description: a sharp counter attack but had no good reputation.

9. Morra Gambit. 1. e4 c5 2. d4 cxd4 3. c3. description: Gambit allows White to avoid the hazardous main line in Sicily.

10. Gambit Minister. 1. d4 d5 2. c4. description: Opening is popular with active game for both sides.

Defense

1. Alekhine Defense. 1. e4 Kf6. description: Black Putiy seeks to promote the center pawns far ahead, then block it and then destroy it.

2. Benoni Defense. 1. d4 Kf6. 2. c4 c5. description: Black wing-shape control system the minister with a majority of pawns and pressure throughout the half-open lane and mastery of the King fianseto diagonal elephant.

3. Bogo Indian Defense. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 e6 3. Kf3 Gb4. caption: Defense solid in Black want to quickly swap the Elephant King.

4. Caro-Kann Defense. 1. e4 c5. description: Black defend healthy for the delay the fight until the position is solid.

5. Scandinavian Defense. 1. e4 c5. description: This defense is suitable for recording who want a complete defense without much studying variation 2. exd5 Mxd5 causes pawn structure similar to Caro-Kann

6. Dutch Defense. 1. d4 f5. description: Black to prevent White playing c4 and arrange the position of the center pawns.

7. French Defence. 1. e4 e6. caption: Defense strong and solid that has a reputation.

8. Opening Italy / Giuco Piano. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Gc4 Gc5. description: White puncture delay before supported by c3 d4 in order to obtain two pawns in the center-field

9. Grunfeld Defence. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 g6 3. Kc3 d5. description: Based hypermodern theory, a broad central pawn can become the target or as an advantage.

10. Indian Defence King. 1.d4 Kf6 2. c4 g6 3. Kc3 Gg7. description: Black White let the form sides pawns in center field for later battered.

11. Modern Defense. 1.e4 g6 2. d4 Gg7. description: Black strategy is to demolish and ransacked the middle of White-field.

12. Nimzo Indian defense. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 e6 3. Kc3 Gb4. description: Black let the White Elephant and got a pair of black officers in return grow faster and in different variations, pressing the White pawn piled in rows c as a target.

13. Nimzovich defense. 1. e4 Kc6. description: One more hypermodern styles. Black allowed White pawns forward in the center. The center-field so often closed.

14. Old Indian Defense. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 d6. caption: Defense Pawns are passive with similar composition but without fianseto Indian Elephant King King.

15. Petroff Defense. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kf6. description: Despite a reputation solit, this defense has the hope to strike back.

16. Philidor Defense. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 d6. description: Although quite solid, but Black men have difficulties in mobility.

17. Pirc Defense. 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Kf6 3. Kc3 g6. description: Black aimed at interfering with the center-field and then take advantage of the White Elephant fianseto.

18. Ponziani defense. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 2. c3. description: White build a strong center-field.

19. Hidia Defense Minister. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 e6 3. Kf3 b6. description: Adults are considered the healthiest defense by the Masters.

20. Sililia defense. 1. e4 c5. description: Most popular Defense against e4. Through lanes c half-open, Black counterattack. In the game there was a lot of tactical blows dangerous.

21. Two Horses defense. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Gc4 Kf6. information: both parties are ready to play the fire, who will guard fatal.

The attack

1. Grob attack. 1.g4. description: The incredible surprise, but not much support the White House position.

2. Marshall attack. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Gb5 a6 4. Ga4 Kf6 5. 0-0 Ge7 6. Be1 b5 7. Gb3 0-0 8. c3 d5. description: the active resistance of the officers of the King Black and white well-liked all strikers.

3. Larsen attack. 1. b3. description: hypermodern style with fianseto White.

Other

1. Opening Bird. 1. f4. description: The idea of ​​the strategy, particularly control of e5, similar to the Dutch Defense.

2. Opening of the Elephant King. 1. e4 e5 2. Gc4. description: Efforts White Elephant plays the King in order to quickly suppress the black wings.

3. Opening the UK. 1. c4. Where: Opening popular that often transposition, has a complex battle position.

4. Opening of Four Horse. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Kc3 Kf6. description: a solid game if both parties do not attempt to dynamically

5. Reti Opening. 1. Kf3. description: hypermodern system that oversees the center-field from a distance. Characteristics is the slow maneuvering and playing as a chance to win a tempo Black.

6. Opening of Spanish / Ruy Lopez. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Gb5. description: The opening is very popular. White-field directly suppress the Black middle. The battle can lead to very sharp.

7. Opening of Scots. 1. e4 e5 2. Kc6 Kf3 d4. description: This opening is forcing Black and replies somewhat limited. White can control the game.

8. Opening of Three Horses. 1. e4 e5 2. Kf3 Kc6 3. Kc3. description: White Step fruit development only, does not give any problems for Black.

9. Opening of Vienna. 1. e4 e5 2. Kc3. description: White develops quietly, but still preparing f4 sharp.

10. Opening Benko. 1. g3. description: White hypermodern style with the theme of the defense fianseto reversed.

11. Catalan System. 1. d4 Kf6 2. c4 e6 3. g3. description: White to escape from the usual variation with the direction of development of the fruit that is more dynamic and hypermodern style join.

12. Colle System. 1. d4 d5 2. Kf3 Kf6 3. e3 c5 4. c3. description: a solid system with the aim of the strategy that is easily understood.

World Chess Championship

World Chess Championship is a competition held each year by the international chess organization FIDE to determine the World Champion of chess. Both men and women are entitled to participate in this championship. World Champion does not have a player with the highest Elo ranking: world champion in the period 2006-2007, Vladimir Kramnik was the third ranked player in the world.

Outside of this championship, there is also a separate championship for women only, Women's World Chess Championship, and competition as well as separate titles for junior, senior, and computers. However, participants were the strongest of all these other competitions, often through another championship is to directly follow the highest level of competition, the World Chess Championship, although they retained as part of chess tradition.

From 1886 until 1993 undisputed World Champion (Undisputed). Since 1993, when the champion (Garry Kasparov) broke away from FIDE and hence came the two champions parallel. In 2006, World Champion "Classical" Vladimir Kramnik (which earned its title through natural succession after defeating World Champion Garry Kasparov), and FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov (who won the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005), competed in the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006 in Kalmykia to determine the true world champion. Kramnik managed to win the championship and become the true World Champion.

Chaos (1993 - 2006)

Shortly after Kasparov won the Soviet Union collapsed, so Kasparov freed from the clutches of the Soviet state. This set the stage for a more lasting setback to the system when the 1993 FIDE, Kasparov and challenger Nigel Short complained of corruption and lack of professionalism within FIDE. As a result they broke away from FIDE and formed Professional Chess Association (the Association of Chess Professionals - PCA). They competed under the supervision of this organization. These events are mostly organized by Raymond Keene, who has long been at the center activities outside chess board. Keene brought this game to London (FIDE previously planned in Manchester), and England hit by chess fever: Channel Four broadcast about 81 games this program, the BBC also covered it, and Short appeared in beer commercials on television. Kasparov defeated Short by five points, and interest in chess in Britain was soon to fade.

FIDE is confronted by the split PCA, abolished the titles held a match between Kasparov and Karpov (champion prior to Kasparov) and was defeated by Short in the Candidates semi-finals) and Jan Timman (defeated by Short in the Candidates final) in the Netherlands and Jakarta, Indonesia. Karpov emerged as the winner.

Kasparov retained his PCA was against Viswanathan Anand in 1995, who achieved qualifications through a series of matches similar to the old FIDE system. It seems that the next challenger is Alexei Shirov, who won the match against Vladimir Kramnik to secure his place. However, the match with Shirov plan never materialized, and he then removed from the negotiations-negotiations, which made her feel upset. In contrast, Anand installed to re-match with Kasparov, but here's her plan fails (in a state that is not clear). By contrast, Vladimir Kramnik given the opportunity to fight Kasparov in 2000. In a very disappointing match, Kramnik won the match with two wins, 13 series and never lose.

Meanwhile, FIDE, after one more round of the traditional game that gave rise to Karpov as champion Gata Kamsky, who beat in 1996, generally has left the old system. Conversely, imposing FIDE knockout tournament in which a large number of players competing in a short match with each other in a few weeks. A very fast game used to break the deadlock in each round; format is perceived by most people fail to recognize the highest-quality game. Kasparov refused to participate in these matches. Similarly Kasparov Kramnik after winning in 2000. In the first of these matches, the champion Karpov seeded directly into the final (as in previous championships), but the next round of the champions have to qualify like other players. Karpov defended his title in the first championship in 1998, but he let go of her title because of anger over the new rules was in 1999. Alexander Khalifman this title in 1999, Anand in 2000, Ruslan Ponomariov and Rustam Kasimdzhanov in 2002 won this championship in 2004.

In 2002, there are not two rival champions, but Kasparov match results are robust - it has the highest ELO rating in the world and has won a series of major tournaments after losing his title in 2000 - causing even greater confusion about who the real champion of the World . Therefore in May 2002, the American grandmaster Yasser Seirawan led the organization of the so-called "Prague Agreement" to unify the world championship. Kramnik has organized a candidates tournament (won later in 2002 by Peter Leko) to choose a challenger. Therefore it was decided that Kasparov will play against FIDE champion (Ponomariov) for the title FIDE, and the winners of these two titles will compete for the title entity.

However, the match-funded game was tough and organized. Kramnik-Leko match, which is now known as the Classical World Chess Championship, a new place in late 2004 (a tie, so Kramnik defended his title). Meanwhile, FIDE never managed to organize the match Kasparov, both against 2002 FIDE champion Ponomariov, or 2004 FIDE jaura Kasimdzhanov. Part of the frustration with this situation, Kasparov retired from chess in 2005, while still ranked first in the world.

Soon after, FIDE abolished the knockout format flash of the World Championship event and announced the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 with an 8 player tournament with a double round robin will be held in San Luis, Argentina. For the purpose of eliminating confusion about who is actually a true World Champion, FIDE would invite anyone who is eligible to participate or challenging for the title holder of that title - Kasparov as the world number 1 player from ELO ratings, Kramnik as the Classical world champion, Kasimdzhanov as world champion FIDE, Anand as the number one player behind Kasparov, and several other top players. However, both Kasparov (who retired) and Kramnik (who demand the traditional match format) declined their invitation to participate.

The dominant winner in the San Luis is Veselin Topalov of Bulgaria, and negotiations began for the match between Kramnik-Topalov to unify his title.

[Edit] New Era (2006 -?)

Reunification match between Topalov and Kramnik was held in late 2006. After much controversy, the game was won by Kramnik. (See the FIDE World Chess Championship 2006). So Kramnik became the first World Chess Champion is no doubt and is recognized by both bodies, after Kasparov left FIDE to form PCA in 1993.

Kramnik failed to defend his title at the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007 in Mexico. In a tournament that followed eight players with double round robin system, the same format as used for the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005, Kramnik only obtained the second position so that the title of undisputed world champion Viswanathan Anand crashed to, the undefeated throughout the tournament.

Softball - American Games, History

Softball - American Games, History

Game of softball was born in the United States, which was created at the Farragut Boat Building Sports Club of Chicago, Illinois on 16 September 1887 by accident by George Hancock.

Initially there were several Yale alumni and Harvard University are listening to the final football match between Yale and Harvard at the Farragut Boat Club. After the final score was announced the victory of Yale, a Yale alumnus enthusiastically threw a boxing glove to support Harvard. With a reflex to take a stick and hit it toward the boxing glove. Seeing this gives an idea of ​​a reporter for the Chicago Board of Trade, George Hancock. He suggested creating a game in the room with a ball made of boxing gloves that had been thrown. He took a boxing glove and tied it tightly using a rope, that resembles a ball. Then with a few pieces of chalk, Hancock marked the floor of the Farragut Boat resembles the baseball field.

As the paddle is used a broom. Teams are divided into two and Hancock shouting the words "Play Ball", then began the game with a final score of 44-40. Since the indoor version of baseball games are known. Called indoor baseball. Since the spherical shape changing. The name softball before adjusting the material used to make the ball, be the names that are used at the time the kitten ball, army ball, MUSHs ball, as well as indoor-outdoor, recreation ball, and playground ball.

At the beginning of the 20th century began playing softball as is done outdoors indoors. In 1908 an amateur organization for this new game (National Amateur Playground Ball Association of the United States) regulate this sport to be played outdoors using a larger ball. National Recreation Congress in 1923 (the National Recreation Congress) asked the commission to standardize the sport, and in 1926 the name "softball" is used even though not yet formalized.

In 1933, the first world championships held in the shadow of the Amateur Softball Association of America (Amateur Softball Association of America) which has been used as a basic rule in America. Grade softball champions for men at that time was J. L. Gills of Chicago, and champion of Great Northerns class women from the same town. Although the championship is contested are amateurs, they are usually sponsored by industry organizations in the region.

Since 1933, "softball" has become an official name. And in 1934, the establishment of common rules to standardize the regulations further provide softball. There have been many regulatory changes since then, especially in 1946, where there is a change in the number of players in a team of 10 to 9 people. To ten players called "shortfielder" at that time served as a guard outside the shallow area behind the adventure. In 1950 the distance between the pitcher's plate and home plate coupled to the son of 43 feet to 46 feet (13,114 meters).

In terms of participants, softball has grown into a major sports teams and loved. Smaller field available. Both women and men, can play it. Furthermore men beyond the age of the athlete can play as activities outside the official game as a picnic or in a social community without going through warm-up and routine exercise are needed, similar in baseball.

In the 1960s, part of the 125.000 team has registered in the Amateur Softball Association of America. And held six national championships each year. This does not include members of both men and women who competed in the unofficial competition. On the other State softball also become a popular sport both men and women young and old.

In 1949, the Canadian team, Toronto's Tip Top Tailors, won the international championship is conducted periodically by the Amateur Softball Association and is the first competition that is truly a world championship level for the son. Held in 1966 under the sponsorship of the International Softball Federation (International Softball Federation). Australia won the first championship for women in 1965.

Softball is a sport known for its football team which consists of two teams. Game of softball was born in the United States, invented by George Hancock in Chicago in 1887. Softball is a sport similar progression of the baseball or Hardball. Softball at this time from 28 to 30.5 centimeters in diameter; the ball is thrown by a pitcher (pitcher) and became the target of opposing players, namely the bat using a bat (bat). There is a team that just (defensive) and teams are hitting the (offensive). Each team competed to collect the numbers (run) in a way round the three series of markers (base) runner to touch home plate is the final mark.

There are three types of softball games:

* Fast pitch softball is a game determined by the pitcher. Pitcher throws the ball with maximum speed, similar to baseball. There are differences in style and way of throwing pitchers release the ball. The release of the ball is located below or equal than the position of the glove.

* Modified pitch softball or commonly known by the name modball. Its main purpose is to soften the rules used in the category of fast-pitch so the players that have not been accustomed to not be shocked by the rules "tight" in softball as the strike zone, the distance between the markers, the length of games and others. Speed ​​pitch pitcher in modball is between fast and slow pitch. Rotation speed of the ball bounded by the arm over the shoulder.

* Slow pitch softball makes it easy for bats to hit the ball. Bat the ball was given continuously until the pitcher can hit the ball. Pitcher throws the ball slowly bounced. The game is often played in the social community as a competition, without being limited by age and gender.

Field

Softball field square. Divided into regional fair (fair territory) and the foul (foul territory). Further, in the fair is divided into two parts, the inner (infield), and the outside (outfield).

Inside there are 4 markers in the region (base). Each marker is numbered counter-clockwise, starting from the early markers, called home plate, followed by the first mark, mark the second and third markers. Mark square with sides 38 cm (15 inches) is made slightly higher than ground level. The angle of the four markers forming so-called rectangular shape diamonds (diamonds).

Behind home plate are called backstop limits as far as 7.62 and 9.14 meters behind home plate.

Equipment

Minimal equipment needed in a softball game including a ball. Softball uses a yellow ball with red yarn grips, previously white with a white grip. Gloves (gloves) worn by all players stand to catch the ball, while first baseman and catcher wearing mitts (gloves have the fingers, while mitts do not). Bat (bat) which are used in an official match is a special bat dedicated to softball. Terms of use and which may be used characteristic bat contained in the International Softball Federation rules. Ball bat helmet worn to protect the head of a hitter from the brunt of the ball and injury, while protective clothing (protective gear) to a catchers, and pool shoes (Cleats). The latter is a uniform or uniform. Each player uses shirt, pants, and hats are the basis of uniform or the same color. The higher the level of the game, the more stringent the regulation uniform. All tools and equipment that is mandatory for every team in carrying out official match.

Referee match

In the softball game there is at least one person up to seven judges or referees (Umpire). There is one plate Umpire and three markers that keep the match referee. The rest of the referee to monitor the outdoor area. In fast-pitch games are judged by four referees (one plate Umpire, referee three markers).

The term for a referee is "blue", because they are always blue uniforms. The position of an umpire is standing behind the catcher and batter. Function to see the ball thrown in the direction of the pitcher to catcher does it strike or ball. The referee also supervise the game carefully to determine the events that actually happened and keep the players follow the rules. As the leader of the game is plate Umpire. Because of its nature as a leader of the game, power plate Umpire in a softball game is an absolute, Although it can protest (appealed) decision can not be contested if the protest is made a player or coach or team manager regarding adjustment, but protests can do and can be accepted if the protest do against the wrong application of rules. So there are games that can be continued with the protest (the game under protest, more can be read at Softball Game Rules issued by the ISF). a referee can eject anyone whether a player or even a coach out on the field, if according to disrupt the match referee.

Game

Softball is played by two teams in the softball field. Each team has a minimum of 9 players and the rest are backup. The game consists of 9 rounds called the inning. In one inning, the team that competed each have a chance hit (batting) to score (runs). When the attacking team gets a turn hitting, a team's last pitcher threw the ball toward the catcher the ball at full speed so that the ball can not hit .Tim whose turn alternately one by one to hit the ball. The team is just trying to kill members of the team whose turn it is hit. The team whose turn it is hitting the opportunity 3 times to death (out) before hitting the turn replaced by the team survive.

Score or runs resulting from a runner ran over the top all the markers in a row and stepped on home plate again. Any runner who managed to surround and stepped on home plate gets one point. When the game is determined by the inning. Each team gets a turn to hit 3 times out and shut the other team 3 times out, is called an inning. In each game softball game at least 7 innings duration depending on the situation, or a long time 2 hours. After spending the inning, the team who scored (run) ever be a winner.

If the specified time in the inning is over and both teams in the state of the series, played extra innings until one team came out as winners. The condition is called a tie break, or series. At the beginning of the game, the team that became the host (home team) while the team gets a turn throwing guests (visitors) a turn hitting.

Pitcher

The game begins when the referee started the match and shouting "Play Ball". After waking defender entering the area of ​​each, the battle between pitcher and hitter on the team last ball in the team whose turn it may start hitting. A pitcher standing on the plate and facing toward the catcher. Pitchers will try to throw the ball hard into catcher mitts. Throwing the ball position has a special area called the strike zone (strike zone), where the final result on the throw home plate and there is nothing more than chest height and no less than knee hitter. If the ball in the strike zone the ball is not hit by the batter, the umpire will yell "strike". And if the ball out of the strike zone, but the batter did not try to hit the ball then the referee will yell "ball". Strike zone is the zone where the ball at bat in the region. At the time of pitches, pitchers will try to make the ball strike with a vengeance in order to distress the bat hit the ball even though the ball was in the zone. So the challenge of a pitcher is throwing with high speed and with the right target.

Catcher ball

In one team has at least one person catching the ball. Catcher is equipped with safety equipment and charge capture thrower throws the ball. Catcher helmet use (catcher mask) to protect the head and face, body armor to protect the body and leg protectors to protect the knees down. The position of catcher was squatting behind the batter. A ball pitchers and catchers are required to have good communication with cues to work off a bat. A catcher is a regulator sometimes a good strategy, because the catcher in the game can see the whole situation that happened in front of him.

Guardians

In addition to pitchers and catchers, the team had 7 people stand guard (fielder) that are divided into four guards in the area (infielder) and 3 guards outside the area (outfielder). The inside of the guard marker one (first), the keeper of the two markers (second), guard between two and three markers (shortstop), and guard the three markers (third). While the guards outside there on the left (left guard), middle (middle guard), and right. All guardians (including pitcher and catcher) tried to kill 3 people opposing team's turn to hit. Since the run can only be obtained in a position to attack.

Bat the ball

Every hitter has a chance 3 times and 4 times the ball strike. 3 times a strike would create a dead-ball hitter "Strike Out". And when the ball 4 times the hitter is allowed free road markings towards one (free walk). If the batter successfully hit the ball, paddle ball will run every effort to achieve a single mark before the ball is returned or the blow was arrested by a guard marker. If the batter made it to mark a single mark before the guards catch the ball then bat the ball "safe" '. But when a guard marker quicker to catch the ball, the bat the ball "out".

There are various types of hitting. Hit, Bunt, hit and run, Steal and others. Depending on the situation that occurred at that time. Various types of hits are used according to the strategy will be pursued assault team.

The International Softball Federation

Agency is what ultimately makes the rules concerning applicable softball sports game around the world, including Indonesia at this time. The original manuscript written in English, and translated by its member states.

Establishment of the International Softball Federation, then allow the holding of matches between countries which are international. Then the championships held nationally, regionally and globally.

The International Softball Championship today is the most prestigious World Softball Championship (World Cup of Softball) organized by the Amateur Softball Association under the auspices of the International Softball Federation. ISF member countries who entered the qualifying rounds each year sends contingent to compete. After qualifying, sejumalah 6 countries will compete with each other (5 matches). And the two best teams will compete for the position of a one-game winner-winner-take-all championship.

Previous champions:

* 2005 - Japan 3 United States 1

* 2006 - United States 5 Japan 2

* 2007 - United States 3 Japan 0

In 2007, Indonesia managed to carve history to qualify for World Cup of Softball first time. Indonesia to compete with other countries in Oklahoma City in the World Cup of Softball after successfully entering the ranks third among Asian countries in the qualification.